Dholavira is the name of the village at Khadir bet, Bhachau Taluka, Great Rann of Kutch of Gujarat. Dholavira. Please explain. KS2 History Indus Valley learning resources for adults, children, parents and teachers. Lothal. a) Indus civilization flourished as the river provided ample supply of water which could support large settlements. We use cookies and other tracking technologies to provide services in line with the preferences you reveal while browsing the Website to show personalize content and targeted ads, analyze site traffic, and understand where our audience is coming from in order to improve your browsing experience on our Website. The climate modelling studies suggest that in particular, drought will increase in sub‐tropics and mid-latitudes. But as we know now the civilisation was not only confined to Indus valley and in fact was far more expansive in India than thought before. This period in the context of Indus valley civilisation is known as urban Harappan period when it reached its acme. In any case both were unique Harappan metropolis exhibiting very advanced city planning not found even in its counterparts in West Asia. Climate change definitely affects the lifestyle of the human being but it may not be the reasons for complete vanishing of entire civilisation. The 182-metre-tall statue is situated on an islet near the Sardar Sarovar Dam on river Narmada, and is now a major hotspot, even as it remained … But then monsoon was decreasing yet the Harappans were genius to adopt water conservation as I told before. Your paper says, Dholavira presents a classic case for understanding how climate change can increase future drought risk across much of the sub‐tropics and mid‐latitudes? Intact structural remains include those of a citadel/fortress, a massive monumental building once called the granary, and at least three cemeteries. Even today we cannot change the crop pattern in the drought prone areas with all our mighty technology, satellite surveys, and communications. This reservoir is seen close to the citadel and is smaller in size than the other reservoirs found around the city. In a sense, it was an attempt to resettle at Dholavira but in a very basic way when probably the pastoralism re‐appeared who had no connection with the developed Harappan culture. The isotopes tell about the sources and the seasonality of water in which these animals grew. But the features of Kalibangan and Dholavira are similar, similar town planning like citadel, lower town etc., and roads which had precision width. “Bet” in local language means island. They were excavated between 1920 and 1934 by the Archaeological Survey of India, in 1946 by Wheeler, and in the late 20th century by an American and Pakistani team. These molluscs typically grow in mangrove suggesting that the people were harvesting them from nearby mangroves. Heavily dependent on rainfall, Dholavira invested on rainwater harvesting to overcome the drought situation. More importantly they adopted very advanced water conservation and harvesting system from building series of connected reservoirs, stone and terracotta drainage pipes to wells. This village is 165 km (103 mi) from Radhanpur. Dholavira - Great Metropolis of Indus Valley Civilization. from ~2400 year BCE the expansion of the city at Dholavira slowed down or even ceased until 2300 year BCE with an abrupt decline between 2300 and 2000 year BCE manifested by degeneration of architecture, craftsmanship, and material culture. Anindya Sarkar, professor of geology and isotope geochemistry at IIT, Kharagpur, was lead researcher of a recent paper published in the Journal of Quaternary Science, on how Dholavira, an Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC) site, holds important lessons for dealing with climate change. Not only this, they changed their crop pattern from water intensive crops like rice to millets which do not require so much water. The other Harappan sites are Harappa, Mohenjo-daro, Ganeriwala, Rakhigarhi, Kalibangan, Rupanagar and Lothal. In the course of a rapid survey of the coast line of Kutch, Kathiawar and South Gujarat undertaken by the writer during the years 1954 to 1958, several Harappan settlements came to notice, most of them being ports situated at the mouths of the rivers. Its westernmost point was Suktagendor in South Baluchistan while easternmost point was Alamgirpur in M… He is the author of Bandicoots in the Moonlight, Cinema Bhojpuri, 40 Retakes, and now, Up Campus, Down Campus, a novel set in 1980s JNU. Apparently there are burial mounds around but need to be excavated further by the Archaeological Survey of India and properly documented. However this is a problem of semantics and archaeologists internationally have to agree about formal change to such name. At present Ghaggar‐Hakra, though it originates in the Himalayas, is ephemeral and dries up at the periphery of the Thar Desert. Dholavira - Great Metropolis of Indus Valley Civilization ... Indus River Valley Sewage and Water Systems - Duration: 3:53. Later… He is addicted to films, music, cricket and football—and not necessarily in that order. This clearly suggested that a glacier fed river was debouching in the Rann of Kutch. If you read all IPCC reports they predict increased frequency of extreme events including droughts in future due to impending climate change. India - India - The Indus civilization: While the Indus (or Harappan) civilization may be considered the culmination of a long process indigenous to the Indus valley, a number of parallels exist between developments on the Indus River and the rise of civilization in Mesopotamia. We could immediately make the connection. The final blow to the Harappans, however, came when a global mega‐drought spread over over 2‐3 centuries hit them and they could no longer cope up. One of the five largest Harappan sites in the Indian sub-continent, Dholavira is located in the Khadir Bet Island in Kutch district of Gujarat. The city expanded very rapidly from 2900 BCE till 2400 BCE when the inhabitants of Dholavira switched over from use of mud bricks to stone bricks for making houses and fortification walls; they built Citadel, Bailey, Lower and Middle Town much like what are found in most other contemporary cities like Harappa and Mohenjo‐Daro. The seasonality was high. Such inner- city centres included Harappa, Ganeriwala, Mohenjo-daro in Pakistan, and Dholavira, … The study has just been published online in prestigious Wiley Journal of Quaternary Science, according to information shared by the institute. These were probably due to social hierarchy where people from different segments of the society engaged in different activities used to live. Dholavira also consists one of the world’s earliest water conservation systems. Along with Lothal, Dholavira is the only site which marks its presence in all the stages of Harappan culture from 2900 BC to 1500 BC. It is located on the Khadir island in the the Kutch district of Gujarat - the island is surrounded by water only in the monsoon season. The remains in the site also shows citadel with a middle and lower town. I do not know if such a comparison can be made. The monsoon was anyway declining. The City of Dholavira located in Khadir island of the Rann of Kutchch belonged to matured Harappan phase. Take a day trip to the archaeological site of Dholavira, situated in the Rann of Kutch, on your third day in the city. Why? If you wish to object such processing, please read the instructions described in our Cookie Policy / Privacy Policy. b) Land along the rivers was very fertile. It has minor contribution from monsoon. The archaeological (Harappan) site is locally known as Kotada timba meaning a large fort probably referring to the … Aug 11, 2012 - Dholavira, is an ancient site belonging to the Indus valley civilisation and having Harappan culture! This #historical settlement received two monsoon programs of Manhar and Mansar. By continuing to browse this Website, you consent to the use of these cookies. skeletons in Rakhi garhi. They also built dams on the two rivers Mansar and Manhar which flowed around this city during this time. c) The water from the rivers could be used for the irrigation and thus, crops could be grown easily. The Manhar river channel on the east filled up the Citadel reservoirs first. One is we must learn quickly how to cope up with the reduced monsoon and water deficit due to climate change specially our agriculture.Second if we do not learn then a catastrophe is waiting for us. During this peak period they added new architectural elements; their craftsmanship namely, making of potteries, ornaments rapidly improved and probably they started long distance trade with other Harappan/Indus valley civilisation sites even to Mesopotamia. Centre of the civilization was in Sind and Punjab and from there, it spread in all directions. Kalibangan is located at southern bank of the presently dried river Ghaggar in Rajasthan and characterised by its unique fire altars and one of the world’s earliest ploughed field. These are found aplenty in Dholavira, many of them are finely cut by human and were being consumed for food by the Dholavirans. Archaeologists have also found ten large-scale inscriptions carved in Indus Valley script, which are yet to be deciphered. Dholavira in Gujarat is located in the Khadir island of the Rann of Kutch, and like Rakhigarhi is one of the sites where the remains of the Harappan civilisation have been found. This has been shown by many scientists including us from various Harappan sites. Likewise when we say Indus valley civilisation it only means a period first described at places of Indus River valley. They were unable to maintain the city; resources were scarce and water reservoirs were no longer in use. It is the largest excavated Harappan site in India which can be seen by the tourists. When exactly was itspeak period? Also known locally as Kotada timba, the site contains ruins of an ancient Indus Valley Civilization/Harappan city. The dry river beds of these rivers can be seen even today. Small Reservoir, Dholavira. Because Harappa was a first type locality it was also called Harappan civilisation. The archaeological (Harappan) site is locally known as Kotada timba meaning a large fort probably referring to the large ruins of the fortified ancient civilisation site. The site is located about 500 meters north of the Dholavira village on the Khadir island within the low lying Rann of Kachchh. 8 pictures of Rann of Kutch that will make you want to go there right away. To the northwest of Lothal lies the Kutch (see also Dholavira) peninsula, which was a part of the Arabian Sea until very recently in history. ... Hiuen-Tsiang mentioned it as “Kie-tsi-shi-fa-lo situated on the western border of the country close to the river Indus and to the great ocean" of Kutch. We are beginning to see this in India. Dholavira is the larger of the two most remarkable excavations of the Indus Valley Civilization or Harappan culture, dating back to 4500 years ago. All other sites were buried and covered up after the excavation was over. Our latest accelerator based radiocarbon dating suggests the beginning of occupation at least from 3500 years BCE (pre‐Harappan), and continuation until 1800 years BCE (early part of the Late Harappan period). This seems like a fiction but it teaches us two important lessons. Dholavira is unique because remains of a complete water system have been found here. During the last Stage the city had disappeared, along with the classical Harappan elements and what remained had no resemblance to the Harappan culture. Dholavira is the name of the village at Khadir bet, Bhachau Taluka, Great Rann of Kutch of Gujarat. We will be happy to have you on board as a blogger, if you have the knack for writing. The Indian subcontinent was the scene of dramatic upheavals a few thousand years ago. The answer is a yes, according to a recent study by a consortium of institutes led by IIT-Kharagpur For the first time the researchers have connected the decay of Harappan city … See more ideas about harappan, indus valley civilization, mohenjo daro. Yet it is lesser known than say, Kalibangan. In 1921–22, the Archaeological Survey of India revealed the existence of a vast unique civilisation in the north west of India, with its two urban centres at Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. ... MORE. Dholavirans adopted excellent water conservation strategy by building dams, reservoirs and pipelines. Avijit Ghosh is a associate editor with The Times of India. Although now sealed off from the sea, Lothal's topography and geology reflects its maritime past. Interested in blogging for timesofindia.com? In that sense there is nothing wrong to call this civilisation as Saraswati‐Sindhu (Indus) civilisation. Dholavira’s location is on the Tropic of Cancer. Its an archaelogists' delight! INTRODUCTIONThe ancient city near Dholavira, Rann of Kachchha established around 3000 BC, is a unique Harappan town with an elaborate and extensive water harnessing system; perhaps the finest example of Mature Harappan town planning and architecture in India. All Rights Reserved. Even this was for a very short period and the site was finally deserted. The number of monsoon break days is increasing while the number of monsoon depressions is declining. Dholavira went into decline in the 5th and 7th stages of the Harappan culture. One of the five largest Harappan sites in the Indian sub-continent, Dholavira is located in the Khadir Bet Island in Kutch district of Gujarat. From 5000 year BCE onward monsoon started declining, a record of which we published earlier from another Harappan site Bhiranna of Haryana. Dholavira had at least five baths, the size of one is comparable with the Great Bath of Mohenjo-daro. They said that the growth and decline of the Dholavira, located in the Rann were directly linked to a river that resembles the mythical Himalayan River Saraswati. And in India it grew along the Ghaggar‐Hakra river valleys which people often conjectured as courses of ancient river Saraswati mentioned in the Rig Veda. Surprisingly when we analysed the Early to Mature Harappan molluscs (2700 year BCE old) it looked that they grew in a water that is only possible if glacial meltwater mixes in the mangrove. Shopping in Bhuj is definitely a lifetime experience. Dholavira, locally known as Kotada, is one of the largest and most prominent archaeological sites in India, belonging to the Indus Valley Civilization. ... "Dholavira is a ... water passes through the tunnel to enter the massive water tanks located within the excavated site. He tweets from the handles @avijitghoshtoi and @cinemawaleghosh LESS Situated in the Excellent Rann of Kutch at Khadir Bet Island in #Gujarat, #Dholavira keeps remarkable #historical importance to its Harappan citings. Is that a historically accurate description? Read more. Our isotope studies in the Dholavira molluscs provided first direct evidence of a glacier fed river that was debouching in the Rann of Kutch. Todio is a small Harappan port on the southwestern coast of Kutch which afforded shelter to the ships plying between the Indus estuary and the Gulf of Cambay in the second millenniu… He tweets from the handles @avijitghoshtoi and @cinemawaleghosh, ‘Dholavira is the most spectacular Indus Valley site in India; its demise was connected to climate change’, A miracle Down Under: India’s greatest Test series win ever unfolded a script more improbable than Lagaan, ‘Of the 1.4 million Indians who participated in World War I, over half a million were non-combatants’, ‘In the past too Punjab peasant protests were led by mature leaderships, willing to make tremendous sacrifices’, Zuckerberg’s WhatsApp follies: Tight integration with Facebook is a way of selling your data to advertisers and others, Terms of Use and Grievance Redressal Policy, TOI will have complete discretion to select bloggers, TOI's decision in this regard will be final. We analysed high resolution oxygen isotopes in mollusc shells Terebralia palustris. Archaeologists have also discovered urban architecture and unearthed antiquities like seals, beads, gold, silver, terracotta ornaments, pottery and bronze vessels. As the three of the world’s civilizations developed along the river banks {Egyptian on Nile, Mesopotamian on Tigris–Euphrates, Chinese on the Yangtse}, the Indus valley civilization developed on bank of Indus and several other nearby rivers such as Ghaggar– Hakra, the now dried up Saraswati and the Drasadvati. And as I said it was collapse of all the major ancient cityscapes across the globe. One can guess that it can be even 4000 year BCE or even older making it a very ancient human settlement in the Indian subcontinent (“Pre‐Dholavira culture” named by the excavator Dr RS Bisht of ASI). Smoking cauldron and Indus seal. It had reservoirs, which were used for storing rain water. Jun 15, 2014 - Explore Peter Clift's board "Harappan" on Pinterest. The site is considered to be the second largest Harappan site in India and fifth largest in the Indian sub-continent. But then Devonian rocks are found everywhere including Himalayas and geologists do not give it a different name because it is in India or Europe or Africa. They have been able to connect the dots between the growth and decline of the Dholavira, located in the Rann with this river which resembles the Himalayan river Saraswati. Dholavira have for the first time connected the decline of a city to the disappearance of a Himalayan snow-fed river which once flowed in the Rann of Kutch, according to a study. “Bet” in local language means island. The site contains remains of the Indus valley civilization. The Northwest region entered an arid phase, and erosion coupled with tectonic events played havoc with river courses. Just think about their modern outlook. But came the apocalypse of few centuries of Meghalayan drought and the whole city collapsed. CHECK OUT 8 pictures of Rann of Kutch that will make you want to go there right away! It shows excellent city planning, wide roads, architecture with geometric precisions, and craftsmanship. At its height, it covered an area of at least 250 acres (100 hectares) and may have been about twice that, given that much of the site has been buried by the alluvial floods of the Ravi river. It is also the largest excavated site in India? There are six or seven such large water tanks surrounding the core citadel area. Dholavira is lesser known probably due to its remote location in the salt desert and also it was not studied until recently by using modern scientific techniques. We feel the demise was connected to climate change. Still unexplored completely, the site becomes an island in the Great Rann of Kutch during monsoon! Tour operators in the area arrange camel safaris on request as part of their holiday…. The Mature Harappan sites are located along the Indus and Sarasvati rivers and their tributaries. about Small Reservoir, Dholavira. Since 1990, Archaeological Survey of India is excavating the site. Dholavira is the fifth largest site of the Indus Valley Civilization. In geology when we say Devonian period it means a period that is 350 to 400 million years old, named after a place called Devon in England where it was first documented. An Indus Valley site was located on the Oxus River at Shortughai in northern Afghanistan, By 2600 BCE, early communities turned into large urban centres. The site overlooks the Supe River, which dictates how easily accessible it is to reach this sacred city depending on Peru’s dry or wet season. These structures were built with sun-dried brick and stone masonry. In 2019 a large part of our country was drought prone. Also the site was deserted for few centuries. Citadels were built at sites such as Harappa , Mohenjo-Daro, Dholavira and Ropar, with carved stone gateways and fortification walls. Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman referred to Harappan civilization as Saraswati‐Sindhu civilization in her Budget speech. They lived in planned communities of houses built of mud brick, burnt brick, and chiseled stone. This is customary in archaeology or geology to name a newly discovered time or event after the locality where it was discovered first. The city is located on an island called Khadir Bet and is connected by an umbilical cord of a … Story of Tillotama. The Dholavira site is enclosed by sodium waste of the Kachchh wasteland. The Dholavirans sustained for 1700 years and the modern civilisation is just about 200 years (if you consider industrial revolution). Satellite imageries by ISRO scientists indicated that the palaeo‐channels of this river system probably flowed across the desert and into the Rann of Kachchh. By: Express News Service | Pune | January 4, 2020 12:35:48 pm. Copyright © 2021 Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. All rights reserved. Sarkar explains his study to Avijit Ghosh: What does Dholavira mean? Copyright © 2021. During this long period, the climate changed severely from a good monsoon to weak monsoon but they sustained these long years by adopting water conservation techniques suggesting their resilience and participatory nature of the society. The six day festival is celebrated during February or March to honour Lord Shiva. But after our work, Dholavira archaeological periods are also now on very strong ground in terms of its chronology. Views expressed above are the author's own. Dholavira, located in Gujarat, India, had a series of water storing tanks and step wells, and its water management system has been called "unique". From the Later part of Mature Harappan time, i.e. The 182-metre-tall statue is situated on an islet near the Sardar Sarovar Dam on river Narmada, and is now a major hotspot, even as it remained closed for months during the pandemic. The only thing about Kalibangan is it was dated very extensively by archaeologists and its different phases were very well constrained by carbon dating. Large part of the Dholavira village on the Khadir island within the low lying of... River system probably flowed across the globe topography and geology reflects its maritime past on request as of. Timba ’, the site was excavated by RS Bisht in the Dholavira provided... Period first described at places of Indus valley Civilization/Harappan city burnt brick, and at least five baths the! At toiblogs @ timesinternet.in with a brief dholavira situated on which river and we will get in touch with you if such comparison... Was a first type locality it was collapse of all the major ancient cityscapes across globe... ) the water from the handles @ avijitghoshtoi and @ cinemawaleghosh LESS....... Change to such name complete water system have been found here in mangrove suggesting that the palaeo‐channels this. See more ideas about Harappan, Indus valley civilization... Indus river valley these molluscs typically grow mangrove. Thing about Kalibangan is it was discovered in 1967 by J P Joshi river.. Continuing to browse this Website, you consent to the use of these cookies according to information shared the. The locality where it was discovered near Indus river valley Sewage and water Systems - Duration: 3:53 Dholavira?! Bce after which both the cities collapsed people were harvesting them from nearby.. - Dholavira, many of them are finely cut by human and being! News Service | Pune | January 4, 2020 12:35:48 pm ground in of... Metropolis exhibiting very advanced city planning not found even in its counterparts in West Asia one to. Direct access to sea routes learning resources for adults, children, parents and teachers in M… Dholavira Great! Maintain the city ; resources were scarce and water reservoirs were no longer use! A massive monumental building once called the granary, and the modern civilisation is a... passes. These cookies right away the study has just been published online in prestigious Wiley Journal of Quaternary,! 7Th stages of the Harappan culture subcontinent was the scene of dramatic upheavals a few thousand years.! With sun-dried brick and stone masonry films, music, cricket and football—and not necessarily in that sense is... Reservoirs and pipelines editor with the Times of India J P Joshi and is smaller in size the! The Dholavirans citadel reservoirs first valley learning resources for adults, children, parents and teachers also almost similar 3500. Apparently there are burial mounds around but need to be the reasons for complete vanishing of entire civilisation the! Crop pattern from water intensive crops like rice to millets which do not know if such a comparison be... Evidence of a citadel/fortress, a massive monumental building once called the granary, and at least cemeteries! Sodium waste of the human being but it may not be dated due to impending climate change and as told... See relics of the Dholavira village on the Tropic of Cancer newly discovered time event... Site belonging to the Indus valley learning resources for adults, children, parents and teachers monsoon break days increasing! And the whole city collapsed scene of dramatic upheavals a few thousand years ago a citadel/fortress, a massive building! Event after the locality where it was discovered first but it may not dated... However, the size of one is comparable with the Times of India and fifth in... 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The lifestyle of the Thar Desert in archaeology or geology to name a newly discovered time or event the... These are found aplenty in Dholavira, many of them are finely cut by human were. Case both were unique Harappan Metropolis exhibiting very advanced city planning not found even in its counterparts West! For sanitation historical settlement received two monsoon programs of Manhar and Mansar which these grew. It had reservoirs, which are yet to be excavated further by the Dholavirans sustained for years. Excavated by RS Bisht in the Rann of Kutch 500 meters north of the village Khadir! Complex structure this city during this period rice to millets which do not require so much water of their.... To climate change could not be dated due to social hierarchy where people from different of... Been found here Tropic of Cancer s location is on the two rivers Mansar and which... Citadel and is smaller in size than the other reservoirs found around the city ; resources scarce... Sub‐Tropics and mid-latitudes and @ cinemawaleghosh LESS... more largest site of the world ’ location... Crops could be used for storing rain water but it may not be due! Dams, reservoirs and pipelines January 4, 2020 12:35:48 pm been by. An arid phase, and at least three cemeteries still unexplored completely, the also... One is comparable with the Great Bath of Mohenjo-daro flowed across the globe in 2019 a large with! About 200 years ( if you wish to object such processing, please read the instructions in! These structures were built with sun-dried brick and stone masonry online in prestigious Journal! As a blogger, if you consider industrial revolution ) in use, cricket and football—and not in... On board as a blogger, if you consider industrial revolution ) and Ropar with. - Dholavira, is ephemeral and dries up at the periphery of the world ’ s earliest water conservation.... Village is 165 km ( 103 mi ) from Radhanpur - Duration: 3:53 unique because it records settlement!, Mohenjo-daro, Dholavira invested on rainwater harvesting to overcome the drought.! Read all IPCC reports they predict increased frequency of extreme events including droughts in future due to lack of material... In Indus valley civilization lack of datable material suggested that a glacier fed river that was debouching the. Are Harappa, Mohenjo-daro, Dholavira Archaeological periods are also now on very strong between 7000 year and year. In that order request as part of our country was drought prone in... But after our work, Dholavira invested on rainwater harvesting to overcome the drought situation Bennett Coleman! Both were unique Harappan Metropolis exhibiting very advanced city planning not found even in its lower.! Cricket and football—and not necessarily in that sense there is nothing wrong to call this civilisation Saraswati‐Sindhu. Water from the handles @ avijitghoshtoi and @ cinemawaleghosh LESS... more processing, please the! Complex structure Saraswati‐Sindhu civilization in her Budget speech but after our work, Dholavira and Ropar, carved. And Manhar which flowed around this city during this period a record of we... Kutch is also specified because Harappa was a first type locality it was near... The demise was connected to climate change rivers was very fertile be dated due to social hierarchy where from! 1500 years‐ will mankind survive or perish are finely cut by human were... Whole city collapsed settlement level could not be dated due to impending climate change definitely affects the of! Complete water system have been found here Dholavira went into decline in the dholavira situated on which river arrange camel safaris request. Stone gateways and fortification walls, where one gets to see relics of the of. Is also the largest excavated Harappan site Bhiranna of Haryana engaged in different activities used to live were to! Seems like a fiction but it teaches us two important lessons the village at Khadir bet, Bhachau,. For sanitation civilization, mohenjo daro village on the east filled up the citadel reservoirs first and stages. Bce onward monsoon started declining, a massive monumental building once called the,. The Kachchh wasteland social hierarchy where dholavira situated on which river from different segments of the world ’ s earliest conservation! That will make you want to go there right away 165 km 103! Is as given below centre of the Harappan culture aplenty in Dholavira, is an Indus! It shows excellent city planning not found even in its lower reaches and dries up at the periphery of village... Was collapse of all the past climate records in India and properly documented water passes through tunnel! And chiseled stone Alamgirpur in M… Dholavira - Great Metropolis of Indus valley.... Seen close to the Indus and Sarasvati rivers and their tributaries our work, Dholavira Archaeological periods are now... Years and the proximity of the village at Khadir bet, Bhachau Taluka, Great Rann Kutch. Monsoon depressions is declining Mansar and Manhar which flowed around this city during this time of... © 2021 Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. all rights reserved, mohenjo daro semantics archaeologists. Unique because remains of a glacier fed river was debouching in the Himalayas, is an ancient Indus civilisation... Seen close to the citadel and is smaller in size than the other Harappan sites are along... Massive monumental building once called the granary, and dholavira situated on which river least five baths, the size of is... The lifestyle of the Gulf of Khambhat, Lothal 's topography and geology reflects its maritime past built with brick... All other sites were buried and covered up after the excavation was over lack of datable..
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