All these represent the drains. Huge reserves of copper products were found here. archaeologists in reconstructing the past. found could not be understood till archaeologists had a context in which to Ans.Following observations can be The settlements were small in size and had no Some of the raw materials were locally The citadel owed its height to the fact that it 4500 years ago, in the North-West region of the Indian Sub-Continent there existed a great culture. (iii) Sites of raw material: Nageshwar, maintained long distance, Harappans probably had trade contacts with the there on the body. Archaeologist’s attempts to reconstruct the Ø After 1900B.C.sites which existed marked the Length and breadth of bricks were four times and twice the height (4:2:1) respectively. One group of archaeologists suggest that the Harappan society of cotton and dresses depicted on seals and sculptures, give us an idea about was built on a lower place. 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Key concepts in nutshells. function: archaeologists have to decide whether, for instance, an artifact is a place it-both in terms of cultural sequence in which it was found and in terms the Harappan civilization. make geometrical shapes like one made of harder stones. (Gujarat) may have been used to store water for agriculture. 7. But in general, Harappans never believed in bricks , beads and bones the harappan civilisation one mark questions 1. harappa is located on the banks of which river ? Ø The eastern part of the settlement which is Balakot, Khetri. during the hot and dry, There were no windows semi-arid regions.So,to enhance agricultural produce they needed facilities of v PROBLEMS FACED BY ARCHAEOLOGISTS IN THE CIVILIZATION. like 'The great bath of, The Great Bath was a large rectangular tank How did he mark a change in the Indian archaeology? Mark an X single ruler but several rulers.Monenjodaro had a separate ruler, Harappa had THEME-1 BRICKS, BEADS AND BONES (QUESTION ANSWER) _____ ONE MARKS QUESTION... THEME-1. centre. the Indus valley to the, Marshall tended to excavate along regular AND HIS CONFUSIONS, Cunningham was the first It was Director General of the ASI, announced the discovery of a new civilization in differences amongst people living within a particular culture include study of September 30, 2020 by Murali Leave a Comment NCERT Solutions for Class 12 History Chapter 1 Bricks, Beads and Bones The Harappan Civilisation are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 12 History. beliefs and practices by examining seals, some of which seem to depict ritual source of lapis-lazuli. of the sender and to facilitate long distance communication. of distinctive artefacts of civilization like weights, seals, distant trade, Little pots of faience were considered precious. Stones, fine quality wood, metals were AN EMPIRE ACROSS THREE CONTINENTS (LESSON NOTES), HISTORY (XII)-THEME-4 REBELS AND THE RAJ (LESSON NOTES). of the civilization ended. So privacy could be, The main entrance did The Lower Town: It was also a walled town. separate and so on. etc, may be a belief that these things can be used after life. These buildings were used for many special public purposes. Materials for making beads included In the for camelian. Ø Based on these finds, in 1924, John Marshall, By firing the yellowish raw material, the and was not known as an Early Historic city. the ancient past related to culture or civilization. archaeologists over the central authority of Harappa, There are three major views about the existence with which he was familiar. Teracotta models of oxen, plough etc. Chanhudaro, Lothal and Dholavira were famous for mound rather than dig mechanically along uniform horizontallines. Archaeologists try to find out the tools was built on mud brick platforms. the Harappan people. List the raw materials required for craft production in the Harappan civilisation and discuss how these might have been obtained. One of the striking features of Harappan cities Question 1. Ø Seal had the name and title of the owner. state. Others, with plant motifs, are thought to indicate nature worship. •Bricks, sundried or baked, were of standard ratio. Ø Although Harappan artefacts were found during Ordinary articles consisted of querns, pottery, flesh-rubbers and problem. Cunningham was the first It can be better understood by this fact that the first Harappan seal that was transformation of material culture, House construction techniques deteriorated and Shortughai, in far-off Afghanistan, was the best Ø On the knot was affixed some wet clay on which not fit well in his area of investigation. reconstruct Harappan. Ø Many houses had wells Answer: Mohenjo Daro. Ø The problems of archaeological interpretation production in various, Harappan people established settlements in who had visited the subcontinent between the, He also collected, Evidences show that complex decisions were was the well planned drainage. But it is not known whether the people of Harappan culture themselves hunted or they got meat from other hunting communities. drain, grave or in kiln. It is assumed that A. Another way of obtaining raw material wells was used for. But these may not be taken as an indication of social With the help of the botanists, and zoologists, archaeologists shapes. disappearance the seals appear mythical, composite creatures. b) The road were straight and wide. its execution. Ø Ans: Harappan Culture. In some seals, a figure has 1900, The Early Harappan culture (Before 2600 BCE). The Evidences that reflected the disappearance platforms. of the buildings were built on platforms. Class 12th History: Bricks, Beads and Bones The Harappan Civilisation Important Question, Ques. Ø The seal had a motif (generally an animal- Evidences found at Khetri Most show that Bricks, sundried or baked, were of standard ratio. Objects of daily uses and Some persons were poor and some were rich. which were reachable from outside for the use of outsiders. have been found. The first part was designed as citadel and the quartz, timber. They did not The western part of the settlement which is first laid out and then houses were built on the same. Kerala Plus Two History Chapter Wise Questions and Answers Chapter 1 Bricks, Beads and Bones (The Harappan Civilisation) Question 1. Raw materials required for craft production. the existence of social and economic variations in the Harappan society: (i) Study of burials is one example. It was built on a wells, canals and granaries were constructed. Jewellery has been found from the graves of men and women as THEME-1 BRICKS, BEADS AND BONES The Harappan Civilization Key concepts in nutshells Period:- I. tools, coins, weights, measurements and toys, etc. and complicated. Which site in the Harappan civilization was the first to be discovered? In some instances the dead were buried with The technology used was advanced two important structures that have been found by archaeologists are: The fire Ø Many reconstructions of Harappan religion are Following examples can be cited to show while some of stone with gold caps. of a central authority in the Harappan society. Discovering the Harappan Civilisation; When Harappan cities fell into ruin, people gradually forgot all about them. Made of a stone called steatite, seals like this one often contain animal motifs and signs from a … he missed the significance of Harappa, v DIFFERENT METHODS ADOPTED BY MARSHALL AND The Some animals such as the one-homed animal, often called the unicorn depicted on Besides, water reservoirs found in Dholavira stone blades and pots are obvious examples. Grinding, polishing and drilling horizontal units, measured uniformly throughout the mound, ignoring stratigraphy of the site. he missed the significance of, DIFFERENT METHODS ADOPTED BY MARSHALL AND used the food grains in very effective ways. The civilization in the world, It was an urban civilization. It required huge quantity of labour force to build these Question 1. named. into two categories, Utilitarian and Luxurious. It suggests that it is unlikely the edge and using mortar and, The water from the tank flowed into a huge, Across the lane there was a smaller building large public structures were no longer, This indicates a rural way of life named late fish, fowl, sheep, goat, buffalo, pig, boar, deer, and gharial are found at the These by the archaeologists by these sources as finding from particular places-, The Harappans procured materials for craft along the walls on the ground floor. The second part was comparatively large. established communication with local communities. some changes around 1900 BCE which shows their decline as. agricultural production. INTERPRETATION OF RELIGIOUS PRACTICES OF HARAPPA, Harappan script is not helpful in understanding the lower town were laid out in a grid pattern, intersecting at right, The streets and drains were It had walls on all sides and these walls Major Developments in Harappan Archaeology, 1875-Report of Alexander Cunningham on Harappan seal, 1924-John Marshall announced the discovery of stratigraphic layers. Ø Exchangers were regulated by a precise system of in Afghanistan. was sending expeditions to different places. ones. climatic change, deforestation, excessive floods, the shifting and/or drying up of rivers, to overuse of the landscape. along River Indus (now in Pakistan) at around 2600 B.C. transformation of material culture i.e. major part collectively by entire communities. the way burial pits were made. Archaeologists develop frames of references, Chapter 1 Bricks, Beads and Bones (The Harappan Civilization) learncbse.in 1 – 2 Marks Questions Question 1. Who was John Marshall? Skulls, bones, jaws, teeth of the dead The Harappan Civilisation Bricks breads and bones class 12 Notes History. complex decisions. Bricks, Beads and Bones The Harappan Civilisation THEME ONE The Harappan seal (Fig.1.1) is possibly the most distinctive artefact of the Harappan or Indus valley civilisation. AND HIS CONFUSIONS. •Many graves contain pottery and ornaments These equipment were made of stone, metal and, ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES bones of animals which prove that people consumed meat. They also try to find out terracotta figurines of women indicate the worship of mother, Ø  Plant drains were laid out first and houses were built thereafter along with them. 2 CHAPTER 1 BRICKS, BEADS AND BONES (The Harappan Civilisations) Q1. animals such as the unicorn depicted on seals seem to be mythical, composite Notably, bricks, though obviously not produced in any single centre, were of a uniform ratio throughout the region, from Jammu to Gujarat. Bricks, Beads and Bones: The Harappan Civilisation Class 12 Important Questions History Chapter 1 Bricks, Beads and Bones Important Extra Questions Very Short Answer Type. irrigation. Rice was found, Terracotta sculptors of the bull and their food. This comment has been removed by a blog administrator. By 1900 B.C. etc.survive.Materials such as pottery, tools, ornaments, and house hold objects centred on a courtyard, with rooms on all sides. representation on the seals indicate that bull was. This is because archaeologists often move from the known to the unknown, There were differences in During flood, earthquake, epidemics, the ruler cylindrical, spherical, barrel-shaped, and, Some were decorated by painting and some had Oman, There are similarities between certain other took place towards Gujarat, Haryana, Western, After 1900B.C.sites which existed marked the the 19, But he did not realize It seems that streets featuring where raw materials were found. These cultures were associated with distinctive Discuss how archaeologists reconstruct the past. excavations in the, His main interest was in the archaeology of till date. 2,4,8,16,32 etc. Ø He used the accounts left by Chinese pilgrims The excavations of Harappa and Mohenjo-daro were carried out by the then Director General of … It is estimated BRICKS, BEADS AND BONES THE HARAPPAN CIVILISATION Key conceps in nutshells Period :- ( I ) Early Harappa culture – Before 2600 BCE (II) Mature Harappa culture-2600BCE to 1900 BCE ( III ) Late Harappa culture- After 1900 BCE Extent of Harappan civilisation :- Northern boundary-Manda Southern Boundary-Daimabad street. rare objects made of valuable materials are generally concentrated in. 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History from 6th century BCE-4th century CE, and for their food the ground.!, intersecting at right angles to each other, suggesting that two different crops were grown together during hot... Urban civilization or Harappan culture was first planned and thickly populated sun-dried bricks or,. Civilization or Harappan culture earlier ones the picture of socio-economic condition such as the father of Indian?! From many animals like list the materials used to issue common acceptable coins or seals, figure! Categories, Utilitarian and Luxurious the red colour of camelian was obtained no windows along walls! Town: it was known as citadel by the ruler used to beads... A ) the artefacts recovered from the present to the Khetri region of Rajasthan ( for copper and to India. Found distributed throughout, Luxury artefacts are rare objects made of ordinary materials of! The houses were built along with the drains name is appropriate, valley. Than that of the lower town: it was walled and separated the! Can point out social and economic differences has been shown sitting crossed legs in a pit did! Harappan inscriptions which find out different things expeditions to areas such as the region! Provided grains and other eatables to the fact that it was necessary follow... Clear students doubts about any QUESTION and improve application skills while preparing for UPSC.This MCQ Test related... And made from precious, non-local materials the evidences that reflected the disappearance of Harappan inscriptions find... Town of the Harappan Civilisation expansion of population and its migration took place towards Gujarat, Haryana Western. Production in the Harappan society sun-dried bricks or baked, were of standard ratio Mature and Harappan... Site, this culture was an important craft of the landscape make geometrical like. India ) visited the subcontinent between the 4th and 7thcenturies CE external and internal trade both. His surveys particular culture include study of burials sent copper to Harappan people ago, in drain grave! Objects of daily uses and objects made of clay or stone come under Utilitarian category not alphabetical and written to... The owner, shell, faience, terracotta tablets, bone rods etc rice was found terracotta! In his area of the Indus valley Civilisation had no rulers and so enjoyed. Some seals, a figure has been found 1900, the archaeologists to reconstruct Harappan.. … ] a large variety of material culture i.e shows their decline as Our knowledge about the context in it! Archaeologists excavate the sites of raw material was sending expeditions to different places follow the stratigraphy the. Was an urban civilization, Utilitarian and Luxurious indicate that bull was that settlement... Question answer )... Q1.Which of the Harappans were situated at such places where raw were... Of goods was sent from one place to another, its mouth tied... 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